Resources
This page contains some key resources on walking and cycling, including an archive of the documents produced by the Australian Bicycle Council.
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Speed management and integrated treatments Department of Transport and Main Roads, Queensland On this page: |
27/10/2023 | View |
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Road crossings Department of Transport and Main Roads, Queensland On this page: |
27/10/2023 | View |
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40 km/h speed limits in high volume pedestrian areas Transport for NSW A guide to identifying and implementing 40 km/h speed limits in high volume pedestrian areas. |
15/05/2023 | View |
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Safer Speeds Case Study - Fitzroy & Collingwood, Victoria STREET NAME: Treatment area located between Alexandra Parade (north), Hoddle Street (east), Johnston Street (south) and Nicholson Street (west) SUBURB: Fitzroy and Collingwood MUNICIPALITY: City of Yarra, Melbourne STATE & COUNTRY: Victoria, Australia SPEED REDUCTION: From 40 km/h to 30 km/h DATE IMPLEMENTED: January 2020 (trial start October 2018) SCHEME INCLUDED:
COST: Not available ADDITIONAL INFORMATION:
Observations of pedestrian and cyclist activity were undertaken at a limited number of locations within the treatment and non-treatment areas during three days before the trial implementation and three days at 12 months into the trial. The small number of locations and survey days limits the ability for general conclusions. The data shows a 12.7% drop in pedestrian activity (largely driven by a single site) and a 27.8% increase in cycling activity. LESSONS LEARNED: For some members of the community there was confusion about how the pedestrian priority at the crossings worked, how to determine when to enter and how to exit the roundabout. There are feelings of frustration caused by inconvenience to the driving experience which are perceived to be caused by the Wombat Crossings. Intercept surveys at the Wombat Crossings found people using them thought they created a more convenient walking experience however there was still concern about understanding how the crossings worked and the expectations of people walking and people driving. Information about the benefits of the crossings and the expectations of all road users would assist the community to understand the role they play in creating a pedestrian priority city centre. |
06/10/2022 | |
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Safer Speeds Case Studies - Gold Coast, Queensland City of Gold Coast LOCATION: Cavill Avenue/Orchid Avenue, Surfers Paradise SPEED REDUCTION: Various – some 50 km/h to 40km/h, 50km/h to 30km/h and 40km/h to 30km/h MUNICIPALITY: City of Gold Coast STATE & COUNTRY: Queensland, Australia SCHEME INCLUDED:
DATE IMPLEMENTED: Various COST: Noted as low-cost initiative in the Gold Coast Road Safety Plan 2021-2026 ADDITIONAL INFO: General support and now going back to some 50km/h to 40km/h zones and undertaking further reviews to reduce to 30km/h LESSONS LEARNED:
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19/07/2022 | View |
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CWANZ Fact Sheet: Safety CWANZ Research has repeatedly shown that the more people walking or riding a bike, the safer it is for everyone. Reducing the number of cars and speed limits in built-up areas reduces the risk of death or injury to our most vulnerable road users. Growth in cycling is best achieved through separated cycle lanes and reduced speed limits. |
28/04/2022 | View |
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Bike It Baw Baw: Cyclist Safety Issues in the Baw Baw Shire Monash University Accident Research Centre The aim of the study was to identify the issues in Baw Baw Shire in Gippsland, Victoria, related to the safety of on-road cyclists. Safety concerns specific to the Baw Baw Shire are identified and potential countermeasures that may improve cyclist safety are discussed. |
12/04/2022 | View |
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Cyclists and red lights – a study of the behaviour of commuter cyclist in Melbourne The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine The primary aim of this research was to investigate the behaviours of cyclists and their interactions with vehicles at signalised intersections.The results focus on the three types of behaviour at red lights. Males were more likely to continue through the red light than females and the majority of males who rode through red lights were runners. The findings are important as they differentiate between the types of red light running behaviour and highlight factors influencing cyclists risk exposure. |
12/04/2022 | View |
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Cyclist bunch riding: a review of the literature Monash University Accident Research Centre This report is a review of the literature on cyclists who ride in large groups or bunches on public roads. The research was conducted following the Victorian State Coroner’s investigation into the death of an elderly pedestrian, following a collision with a cyclist who was riding in a bunch. The aims of the review were to understand the behaviour of bunch riders, particularly the behaviours that may contribute to increased risk of collision and to make recommendations for effective enforcement and countermeasure strategies for this road user group. |
12/04/2022 | View |
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Painting a designated space: cyclist and driver compliance at cycling infrastructure at intersections Amy Gillett Foundation This study evaluated cyclist and driver compliance at cycling infrastructure at signalised intersections to determine the effectiveness of the infrastructure in creating a designated space for cyclists. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted during peak travel times at six sites in Melbourne in March 2009. |
12/04/2022 | View |
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Cyclist safety: an investigation of how cyclists and drivers interact on the roads Monash University Cyclists are vulnerable road users and the most severe injury outcomes for on-road cyclists are from collisions involving a motor vehicle. Research undertaken in this thesis aimed to identify contributing factors in unsafe cyclist-driver events to inform efforts to reduce the incidence of cyclist-driver crashes and cyclist injury severity outcomes. The research was conducted in three stages, primarily in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia and is presented as a thesis by publication. The Safe System Framework was used as the theoretical model for the research and the research stages included i) an observational study using a covertly positioned video camera at signalised intersections across metropolitan Melbourne; ii) a naturalistic cycling study using a compact video camera attached to commuter cyclists’ helmets which recorded their trips to and from work; and, iii) a national online survey of drivers and cyclists of their cycling-related behaviours, knowledge and attitudes. The role of driver behaviour in cyclist-driver crashes and near-crash events was identified and was the most significant finding of this doctoral research. In-depth analysis of near-collision events revealed that drivers’ behaviour immediately prior to an event contributed to the majority of unsafe interactions between cyclists and drivers. The most frequent driver behaviour associated with near-collision events was turning left across a cyclists’ path. Three important components of this behaviour were: indicating (signalling) before turning, driver head checks before turning left and clearance distance when overtaking cyclists. These three behavioural components were investigated further, with a particular focus on the influence of cycling-related knowledge and attitudes. Findings supported the concept of safety in numbers which proposes a positive association between cycling participation and cyclist safety. A significant finding was that drivers who were also cyclists (driver-cyclists) were more likely than drivers who were not cyclists to report safe driving behaviours. Driver-cyclists also reported more positive attitudes towards cyclists and good knowledge of road rules for cycling facilities. Cyclist behaviour had also been identified as a potential crash risk factor, particularly red light running behaviour. Encouragingly, however, only a small proportion of observed cyclist infringed and predictive factors included direction of travel (left turn) and gender (male). The presence of other road users (cross traffic and in the same direction) had a deterrent effect. Last, the presence of cycling facilities was associated with cyclist-driver interactions. Cyclist and driver behaviour at two cycling facilities at intersections (bike boxes and continuous bike lane) was measured. Despite the high level of knowledge of bike boxes, many drivers were non-compliant at this type of facility. In contrast, both cyclists and drivers were more likely to be compliant at the facility that provided a continuous parallel bike lane compared with the bike box facility. Findings of this research provide new insights into the influence of behavioural factors and presence of cycling facilities on cyclist safety. Greater cyclist-related driver education and training are essential to improve cyclist safety. It is anticipated that the findings from this research will inform programs and initiatives that will improve the safety of on-road cyclists. |
12/04/2022 | View |
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Cyclist safety: an investigation of how cyclists and drivers interact on the roads Monash University Cyclists are vulnerable road users and the most severe injury outcomes for on-road cyclists are from collisions involving a motor vehicle. Research undertaken in this thesis aimed to identify contributing factors in unsafe cyclist-driver events to inform efforts to reduce the incidence of cyclist-driver crashes and cyclist injury severity outcomes. |
12/04/2022 | View |
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Riding through red lights: The rate, characteristics and risk factors of non-compliant urban commuter cyclists Accident Analysis & Prevention This study determined the rate and associated factors of red light infringement among urban commuter cyclists. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted using a covert video camera to record cyclists at 10 sites across metropolitan Melbourne, Australia from October 2008 to April 2009. |
12/04/2022 | View |
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Making bike safety research count Amy Gillett Foundation Given the lack of participation data and the underreporting of cyclist injury crashes, it is difficult to determine the magnitude of cyclist road trauma with any precision. This lack of data highlights the neglect in Australia of cyclist-focused monitoring that is essential to understanding injury rates and factors that contribute to cyclist crashes. The Amy Gillett Foundation (AGF) has developed a systematic policy development approach that identifies two issues: safe overtaking distances and cyclist-open vehicle door crashes, explored in this paper. |
12/04/2022 | View |
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MACCS Monash Alfred cyclist crash study Monash University Accident Research Centre Current primary data sources on mechanisms of Victorian bicycle crashes lack sufficient detail to draw clear conclusions on crash causation. Nor are these data adequate to link specific crash mechanisms to characteristic injury outcomes. The Monash Alfred Cycle Crash Study (MACCS) aimed to redress these data deficiencies through piloting an in-depth crash investigation study focused on cyclists. In-depth data were collected from 158 patients presenting to The Alfred and Sandringham Hospital Emergency Departments who were riders of bicycles involved in a crash. Information collected covered pre-crash factors pertaining to environment and cyclist/driver behaviour, crash mechanism, and injury outcomes from hospital records. Analyses of these data provide insight on crash causation and associated injury burdens which can inform the development, prioritisation and targeting of effective countermeasures. |
12/04/2022 | View |
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Why do cyclists infringe at red lights? An investigation of Australian cyclists’ reasons for red light infringement Accident Analysis & Prevention This study investigated the behavioural, attitudinal and traffic factors contributing to red light infringement by Australian cyclists using a national online survey. The survey was conducted from February to May 2010. In total, 2061 cyclists completed the survey and 37.3% reported that they had ridden through a signalised intersection during the red light phase. The main predictive characteristics for infringement were: gender with males more likely to offend than females (OR: 1.54, CI: 1.22–1.94); age with older cyclists less likely to infringe compared to younger cyclists 18–29 years (30–49 yrs: OR: 0.71, CI: 0.52–0.96; 50+ yrs: OR: 0.51, CI: 0.35–0.74), and; crash involvement with cyclists more likely to infringe at red lights if they had not previously been involved in a bicycle–vehicle crash while riding (OR: 1.35; CI: 1.10–1.65). The main reasons given for red light infringement were: to turn left (32.0%); because the inductive loop detector did not detect their bike (24.2%); when there was no other road users present (16.6%); at a pedestrian crossing (10.7%); and ‘Other’ (16.5%). A multinomial logistic regression model was constructed to examine the associations between cyclist characteristics and reasons for infringement. Findings suggest that some cyclists are motivated to infringe by their perception that their behaviour is safe and that infrastructure factors were associated with infringement. Ways to manage this, potentially risky, behaviour including behaviour programmes, more cyclist-inclusive infrastructure and enforcement are discussed. |
12/04/2022 | View |
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Road crashes involving bike riders in Victoria, 2002–2012 Amy Gillett Foundation This study is a multi-year analysis of bicycle rider crash statistics undertaken using Victorian CrashStats. It clearly shows that there are distinct differences in the crash profiles of fatal bike rider crashes compared to non-fatal crashes. |
12/04/2022 | View |
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Cycle Safe Communities Amy Gillett Foundation Cycle Safe Communities provides community groups, councils and organisations access to cycle safety campaign resources. Developed by the Amy Gillett Foundation, Cycle Safe Communities enables consistent messaging about bike rider safety to be adopted and embedded in the Australian community. Everyone has the right to ride safely for work and play. A safer future is possible! |
12/04/2022 | View |
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BikeSpot CrowdSpot and the Amy Gillett Foundation Victoria is still striving to become a world-class cycling location. A lack of safety is the major barrier to people getting on their bikes. How it feels to ride a bicycle has an impact on people's willingness to ride. BikeSpot 2020 provides the opportunity for all Victorians to share their perceptions of cycling safety and help develop new insights for the prioritisation of cycling safety improvements. |
07/04/2022 | View |
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Research Report 431 The mechanisms and types of non-motor vehicle injuries to pedestrians in the transport system and indicated infrastructure implications Waka Kotahi NZ Transport Agency Research carried out in 2008-2010 examined the quantum and causes of non-motor vehicle injuries to pedestrians through a structured interview survey. Pedestrians sustaining injuries in locations away from the road network (eg in parks) were excluded, as the emphasis was on the role of road and footpath features. The highest proportion of trips and falls (34%) was sustained while stepping over a kerb. A further 18% were caused by irregularities in the path or road surface. Factors that amplified the severity of injuries included the road or path surface, pedestrians' inattention, type of footwear worn, and whether walking or running. Two main issues were identified from the study. These were:
The study recommends improving the definition of kerbing in key pedestrian areas and improving the maintenance regime of footpaths and roads used by pedestrians, eg crossings. The study also found that it is necessary to instigate research to provide improved data and analysis tools to prioritise such countermeasures vis-a-vis other uses of road safety funds and improved data for input into such analysis tools. Further, a national guide is needed for pedestrian road safety audits and inspections covering both motor vehicle and non-motor vehicle risk. |
07/04/2022 | View |
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Standard safety intervention toolkit Waka Kotahi NZ Transport Agency The Standard Safety Intervention toolkit provides guidance for road safety practitioners on the effectiveness and value-for-money cost range of proven safety interventions to reduce the number of people killed and seriously injured on Aotearoa roads. |
07/04/2022 | View |
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Access Control Devices Waka Kotahi NZ Transport Agency Guidance on the design, installation and management of access control devices on facilities where cyclists are permitted to be present. |
18/10/2021 | View |
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Cycle Safety Waka Kotahi NZ Transport Agency A few simple tips to stay safe when sharing the road. |
12/08/2021 | View |
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Cyclist Road Rules and Safety Department for Infrastructure and Transport, South Australia While cyclists have the same rights and responsibilities as other road users, they are more vulnerable when travelling on the road. Both cyclists and motorists need to consider each other and share the road safely. |
14/07/2021 | View |
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Towards Zero Action Plan 2024-28 Department of Infrastructure, Planning and Logistics, NT The Towards Zero Road Safety Action Plan 2024-2028 (Towards Zero 2024-2028) aims to reduce road-related trauma, encourage a responsible road culture and motivate Territorians to be part of the solution to improve road safety outcomes. Towards Zero 2024-2028 is a 5 year road safety action plan focusing on 10 road safety priority areas for the Northern Territory. The action plan is guided by the National Road Safety Strategy and Action Plan. Towards Zero 2024-2028 was developed in consultation with a range of stakeholders across the Territory including Road Safety Round Tables in Darwin and Alice Springs in 2023, and feedback on the Towards Zero Road Safety Discussion Paper in early 2024. |
12/07/2021 | View |
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Reporting a hazard or crash Department of Transport, WA Timely reporting of hazards from the community is vital to maintaining our cycling infrastructure. Find out what hazards to report and how to do so. |
07/07/2021 | View |
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Bicycle rules, standards and safety (Western Australia) Department of Transport, WA Before starting to ride, bicycle riders should be familiar with bicycle standards and equipment, legislation for use of shared paths, roads, intersections and footpaths. |
07/07/2021 | View |