Resources
This page contains some key resources on walking and cycling, including an archive of the documents produced by the Australian Bicycle Council.
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Safer cycling infrastructure: Design and policy Transport for NSW iMOVE’s Safer cycling and street design: A guide for policymakers project was a two-year investigation with Transport for NSW (TfNSW) and the University of NSW on how to best integrate cycling into urban and suburban environments in order to interest more people in that mode of transport, addressing their concerns about safety. |
22/07/2024 | View | |
Evaluation and implementation of Shared Spaces in NSW Transport for NSW Foundational research designed to support shared space design concepts and applications in NSW, delivered by Transport for NSW in partnership with the University of Technology Sydney. |
16/02/2024 | View | |
Active Travel to Schools Programs CWANZ An overview of active travel to schools programs across Australia and New Zealand, their key features and what makes them successful. Also includes a comparison of the number of children that use active travel to school from around the world. |
23/08/2023 | View | |
Active Travel to School: Ride or Walk to School (Safe Cycle) Transport Canberra and City Services PROGRAM FEATURES:
DATE IMPLEMENTED: 1 December 2012 COST OF PROGRAM: $75,000 per year COST FOR USERS: Free ADDITIONAL INFORMATION: The Ride or Walk to School program (primary) and It's Your Move Safe Cycle program (high school) provides ACT schools with safe cycling resources. It is aligned to the Australian curriculum and includes teacher training and information for parents. The aim is to increase the number of children walking and riding to and from school. Part of program incorporating infrastructure, signage (Active Streets), and safety at school crossings (School Crossing Supervisors) to encourage children to use active travel to get to and from school. RESULTS OF EVALUATION: |
14/03/2023 | View | |
Active Travel to School Program: School Transport Infrastructure Program Department of Transport and Main Roads, Queensland PROGRAM FEATURES: Funding to improve the safety and operation of schools through new or improved infrastructure at the school and/or on the surrounding road network. E.g.:
DATE IMPLEMENTED: Not available COST OF PROGRAM: Not available. Grants up to $500,000 available COST TO USER: Funding usually provided on a 50:50 subsidy basis, e.g. co-funding between Department of Transport and Main Roads and local government RESULTS OF EVALUATION: Not available |
28/02/2023 | View | |
Safer Speeds Case Study - Padbury, Western Australia STREET NAME: Local residential streets SUBURB: Padbury MUNICIPALITY: City of Joondalup STATE & COUNTRY: Western Australia, Australia SPEED REDUCTION: From 50 km/h to 30 km/h DATE IMPLEMENTED: NA SCHEME INCLUDED:
COST: Not available ADDITIONAL INFORMATION:
RESULTS OF EVALUATION: Not available |
28/02/2023 | ||
Active Travel to School Program: Walk to School City of Whittlesea PROGRAM FEATURES:
DATE IMPLEMENTED: Not available COST: Not available |
14/02/2023 | View | |
Active Travel to School Program: Stroll & Roll Latrobe City Council PROGRAM FEATURES:
DATE IMPLEMENTED: 30 January 2022 COST OF PROGRAM: Not available COST FOR USERS: None RESULTS OF EVALUATION: Not available |
14/02/2023 | View | |
Active Travel to School Program: Safe Routes to School Program WestCycle PROGRAM FEATURES: Part of Bike Friendly Schools Program DATE IMPLEMENTED: Not available COST: Not available RESULTS OF EVALUATION: Not available |
30/01/2023 | View | |
Active Travel to School Program: Whittlesea Active Travel in Schools City of Whittlesea PROGRAM FEATURES:
DATE IMPLEMENTED: 2013 COST: Not available RESULTS OF EVALUATION: Not available |
30/01/2023 | View | |
Active Travel to School Program: Port Sorell Primary School - Active Travel to School Port Sorell Primary School PROGRAM FEATURES:
DATE IMPLEMENTED: 2013 COST: Not available RESULTS OF EVALUATION: Not available |
30/01/2023 | View | |
Active Travel to School Program: Safe school travel (SafeST) program Queensland Government PROGRAM FEATURES:
DATE IMPLEMENTED: Not available COST: Not available RESULTS OF EVALUATION: Not available |
30/01/2023 | View | |
Active Travel to School Program: Ipswich Healthy Active School Travel City of Ipswich PROGRAM FEATURES:
DATE IMPLEMENTED: Not available COST: Not available RESULTS OF EVALUATION: Not available |
30/01/2023 | View | |
Active Travel to School Program: National Walk Safely to School Day Pedestrian Council of Australia PROGRAM FEATURES:
DATE IMPLEMENTED: Not available COST: Not available. Free for schools. RESULTS OF EVALUATION: Not available |
30/01/2023 | View | |
Active Travel to School Program: Active School Travel, Sunshine Coast Council Sunshine Coast Council PROGRAM FEATURES:
DATE IMPLEMENTED: Not available COST: Not available RESULTS OF EVALUATION: Not available |
30/01/2023 | View | |
Active Travel to School Program: Bike Friendly Schools WestCycle PROGRAM FEATURES:
DATE IMPLEMENTED: Not available COST: Not available RESULTS OF EVALUATION: Not available |
30/01/2023 | View | |
Active Travel to School Program: Your Move Schools Department of Transport, WA PROGRAM FEATURES:
DATE IMPLEMENTED: 2017 COST OF PROGRAM: Not available COST FOR USERS: None RESULTS OF EVALUATION: Not available |
30/01/2023 | View | |
Active Travel to School Program: Walk to School Month City of Moonee Valley PROGRAM FEATURES:
DATE IMPLEMENTED: Not available COST: Not available RESULTS OF EVALUATION: Not available |
30/01/2023 | View | |
Active Travel to School Program: Walk to School (VicHealth) VicHealth PROGRAM FEATURES:
DATE IMPLEMENTED: Not available COST OF PROGRAM: Not available COST FOR USERS: None RESULTS OF EVALUATION: Not available |
30/01/2023 | View | |
Active Travel to School Program: The Healthy Schools Achievement Program Cancer Council Victoria PROGRAM FEATURES:
DATE IMPLEMENTED: Not available COST: Not available. Free for schools. RESULTS OF EVALUATION: Not available |
30/01/2023 | View | |
Active Travel to School Program: Move Well, Eat Well (Stride and Ride) Department of Health, Tasmania PROGRAM FEATURES: Stride and Ride:
DATE IMPLEMENTED: Not available COST OF PROGRAM: Not available COST FOR USERS: None RESULTS OF EVALUATION: Not available |
30/01/2023 | View | |
Active Travel to School Program: Way2Go Bike Ed Department for Infrastructure and Transport, South Australia PROGRAM FEATURES:
DATE IMPLEMENTED:
COST OF PROGRAM: Not available COST FOR USERS: Free for schools RESULTS OF EVALUATION: Report |
30/01/2023 | View | |
Active Travel to School Program: Way2Go Department for Infrastructure and Transport, South Australia PROGRAM FEATURES:
DATE IMPLEMENTED: Commenced in 2005 as Safe Routes to School, re-branded to Way2Go in 2009 COST OF PROGRAM: Not available COST FOR USERS: Free for schools RESULTS OF EVALUATION: Not available |
30/01/2023 | View | |
Active Travel to School Program: Go Noosa Schools Noosa Council PROGRAM FEATURES:
DATE IMPLEMENTED: Not available COST: Not available RESULTS OF EVALUATION: Not available |
30/01/2023 | View | |
Active Travel to School Program: Active School Travel, City of Gold Coast City of Gold Coast PROGRAM FEATURES: Schools that join the program receive a suite of resources including free toolkits, incentives and support. Including:
Educational programs:
DATE IMPLEMENTED: Not available COST: Not available RESULTS OF EVALUATION: Not available |
30/01/2023 | View | |
Active Travel to School Program: Active School Travel Program, Brisbane City Council Brisbane City Council PROGRAM FEATURES: The Active School Travel (AST) program offers Brisbane primary schools a suite of free resources, tools and incentives to enable students, parents, carers and teachers to leave the car at home and actively travel to school. Participating schools will receive access resources, including:
Other resources:
DATE IMPLEMENTED: 2004 COST OF PROGRAM: FY 2022-23 $699,000 COST FOR USERS: Free for schools. RESULTS OF EVALUATION: Since 2004, 168 schools and more than 127,000 students have participated in the program. Achievements in 2021:
Approximately 90% of AST committee members agreed the AST program helped to increase student physical activity levels and foster community cohesion at their school. |
30/01/2023 | View | |
Active Travel to School Program: Active School Travel, Bicycle Queensland Bicycle Queensland PROGRAM FEATURES: Resources for schools:
Online resouces:
DATE IMPLEMENTED: 2021 COST OF PROGRAM: Not available. Funding provided by community road safety program COST TO USERS: None RESULTS OF EVALUATION: Not available |
17/01/2023 | View | |
Active Travel to School Program: Darwin Safe and Active Routes to School Tool Kit City of Darwin PROGRAM FEATURES: A toolkit that provides a step by step approach for schools to create a program and activity for schools and families to promote active travel to school. The toolkit is divided into the following categories:
DATE IMPLEMENTED: August 2016 COST OF PROGRAM: Not available COST TO USER: None ADDITIONAL INFORMATION: Other resources available are:
RESULTS OF EVALUATION: Not available |
17/01/2023 | View | |
Active Travel to School Program: Switch it Up NSW Education PROGRAM FEATURES:
DATE IMPLEMENTED: Not available COST: Not available RESULTS OF EVALUATION: Not available |
17/01/2023 | View | |
Active Travel to School Program: BikeReady (NSW) NSW Health PROGRAM FEATURES: Resource to support communities and schools to encourage more young people to walk or cycle, and to involve young people in the development and implementation of an active travel initiative. Includes:
DATE IMPLEMENTED: Not available COST: Not available RESULTS OF EVALUATION: Not available |
17/01/2023 | View | |
Active Travel to School: Bikes in Schools Waka Kotahi New Zealand Transport Agency PROGRAM FEATURES: A typical Bikes in Schools package includes:
Online resources also available, including bike games. DATE IMPLEMENTED: Not available COST: Not available ADDITIONAL INFORMATION: Part of program that also includes BikeReady RESULTS OF EVALUATION: Not available |
17/01/2023 | View | |
Active Travel to School Program: BikeReady (NZ) Waka Kotahi New Zealand Transport Agency PROGRAM FEATURES:
DATE IMPLEMENTED: Not available COST: Not available ADDITIONAL INFORMATION: Part of program that also includes Bikes in Schools RESULTS OF EVALUATION: Not available |
17/01/2023 | View | |
Active Travel to School Program: Bikes for Schools AusCycling PROGRAM FEATURES:
DATE IMPLEMENTED: Not available COST: Not available ADDITIONAL INFORMATION: Ride Nation funds:
Plus they:
RESULTS OF EVALUATION: Not available |
16/01/2023 | View | |
Active Travel to School Program: Ride Nation Schools AusCycling PROGRAM FEATURES: Ride Nation Schools is a learn-to-ride Bike Education Program delivered in schools Australia-wide. It is a fun and interactive learning experience that teaches young people to develop their riding skills and confidence – supporting kids in their independence and giving parents peace of mind. DATE IMPLEMENTED: Not available COST: Not available ADDITIONAL INFORMATION: There are three levels of bike education programs in schools: Ride Nation - Skills (Playground): Recommended for grades 2-3, this 4–6-week program focuses on developing the essential bike control skills braking, balancing and riding. The skills learnt in this program will allow them to ride around in traffic free environments (school yard, park and around the block). Ride Nation - Confidence (Pathways): Recommended for grades 3-5. Once grasping the essential bike control skills, participants are ready to develop their riding confidence. This 4-6-week program focuses on riding and situational awareness, providing students with the skills and competences to enable them to start riding on footpaths and shared pathway in low traffic environments. This program is ideal to start having students riding to and from school! Ride Nation - Explore (Places): Recommended for grades 5-6. Looks at utilising all the skills learnt through previous programs and develop them in different cycling situations and explore their local area by developing road safety and situational awareness. The program consists of four weeks of practical skill development and learning and ends with two local community rides for children to understand what is in their community. RESULTS OF EVALUATION: Not available |
16/01/2023 | View | |
Active Travel to School Program: RideScore We Ride Australia PROGRAM FEATURES: RideScore Active Schools uses technology to direct message parents when their children have arrived safely at school. The program uses:
DATE IMPLEMENTED: November 219 COST: Not available ADDITIONAL INFORMATION: RESULTS OF EVALUATION: In progress |
16/01/2023 | View | |
Active Travel to School Program: Open Streets Bicycle Network PROGRAM FEATURES:
DATE IMPLEMENTED: Not available COST: Not available ADDITIONAL INFORMATION: Part of suite of programs to help break down the barriers that prevent more students from staying active on their journey to school. Culminates in National Ride2School Day. RESULTS OF EVALUATION: Not available |
16/01/2023 | View | |
Active Travel to School Program: Ride2School Bicycle Network PROGRAM FEATURES:
DATE IMPLEMENTED: Not available COST: Not available ADDITIONAL INFORMATION: Suite of programs to help break down the barriers that prevent more students from staying active on their journey to school. Culminates in National Ride2School Day. RESULTS OF EVALUATION: Not available |
09/01/2023 | View | |
Active Travel to School Program: School Crossing Supervisors Transport Canberra and City Services PROGRAM FEATURES: School crossing supervisors (lollipop people) to assist children to cross roads safely by directing traffic with a stop sign and providing instructions. They also help to manage the flow of pedestrians and motorists at the busiest crossings. DATE IMPLEMENTED: 1 January 2018 COST OF PROGRAM: $700,000 per year COST FOR USERS: None ADDITIONAL INFORMATION: Part of program incorporating infrastructure, signage (Active Streets), training and other resources (Ride or Walk to School) to encourage children to use active travel to get to and from school. RESULTS OF EVALUATION: Not available |
09/01/2023 | View | |
Active Travel to School Program: Active Streets for Schools (ACT) Transport Canberra and City Services PROGRAM FEATURES:
DATE IMPLEMENTED: 1 July 2015 COST OF PROGRAM: $500,000 per year COST FOR USERS: None ADDITIONAL INFORMATION: Infrastructure improvements include a combination of upgrades to existing infrastructure and new works, focusing on paths, crossings and treatments to slow vehicle speeds. Blue stencils are installed along paths to provide wayfinding signage to local schools. The stencils give families the peace of mind the route to school is safe and easy to follow. The stencils promote:
Part of program incorporating training and other resources (Ride or Walk to School), and safety at school crossings (School Crossing Supervisors) to encourage children to use active travel to get to and from school. RESULTS OF EVALUATION: Report |
09/01/2023 | View | |
Safer Speeds Case Study - City of Yarra, Melbourne STREET NAMES: Treatment area located between Alexandra Parade (north), Hoddle Street (east), Johnston Street (south) and Nicholson Street (west) SUBURBS: Fitzroy and Collingwood MUNICIPALITY: City of Yarra, Melbourne STATE & COUNTRY: Victoria, Australia SPEED REDUCTION: From 40 km/h to 30 km/h DATE IMPLEMENTED: December 2019 SCHEME INCLUDED:
COST: Not available ADDITIONAL INFORMATION: Non-treatment area for control purposes located adjacent to the treatment area. WHY?
LESSONS LEARNED: The scheme included signage only. With additional infrastructure calming measures such as curb extensions, speed bumps, intersection platforms, further speed reduction improvements would be expected. The choice control region for this study was not seen as ideal. |
20/12/2022 | ||
Safer Speeds Case Study - Wellington, New Zealand Wellington City Council STREET NAME: Most central city streets (not main through roads) SUBURB: Wellington COUNTRY: New Zealand SPEED REDUCTION: From 50 km/h to 30 km/h DATE IMPLEMENTED: June 2020.80% of roads within Wellington approved to have speeds recuced to 30 kph Septmber 2022 SCHEME INCLUDED:
COST: $NZ44.8 million (from September 2022) ADDITIONAL INFORMATION:
RESULTS OF EVALUATION: Not available |
20/12/2022 | View | |
Safer Speeds Case Study - Auckland City Centre Auckland Transport STREET NAME: Multiple SUBURB: Auckland COUNTRY: New Zealand SPEED REDUCTION: Mostly from 50 km/h to 30 km/h DATE IMPLEMENTED: 30 June 2020 SCHEME INCLUDED:
COST: $NZ 49,297,544 (includes reduction of speed limits on all roads including urban and rural) ADDITIONAL INFORMATION:
LESSONS LEARNED:
RESULTS OF EVALUATION: Not available |
20/12/2022 | View | |
Safer Speeds Case Study - High Pedestrian Activity Areas, NSW Transport for NSW LOCATION: Multiple SUBURB: Multiple MUNICIPALITY: Multiple STATE & COUNTRY: New South Wales, Australia SPEED REDUCTION: Various to 40 km/h DATE IMPLEMENTED: 2003 SCHEME INCLUDED:
COST: Not available ADDITIONAL INFORMATION:
LESSONS LEARNED:
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20/12/2022 | View | |
Safer Speeds Case Study - Melbourne Shopping Strips Department of Transport, Victoria LOCATION: Multiple busy shopping strip centres SPEED REDUCTION: 50 km/h to 40km/h MUNICIPALITY: Multiple STATE & COUNTRY: Victoria, Australia SCHEME INCLUDED:
DATE IMPLEMENTED: Various COST: Not available ADDITIONAL INFORMATION: Introduced in areas of high pedestrian activity LESSONS LEARNED:
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20/12/2022 | View | |
Safer Speeds Case Study - Melbourne City of Melbourne STREET NAME: Local roads across inner Melbourne SUBURB: Melbourne MUNICIPALITY: City of Melbourne STATE & COUNTRY: Victoria, Australia SPEED REDUCTION: From 50 km/h to 40 km/h DATE IMPLEMENTED: September 2022 - ongoing SCHEME INCLUDED:
COST: Not available ADDITIONAL INFORMATION:
RESULTS OF EVALUATION: Not available |
19/12/2022 | View | |
Safer Speeds Case Study - Little Streets, Melbourne City of Melbourne STREET NAME: One-way sections of Flinders Lane, Little Collins Street, Little Bourke Street and Little Lonsdale Street SUBURB: Melbourne MUNICIPALITY: City of Melbourne STATE & COUNTRY: Victoria, Australia SPEED REDUCTION: From 40 km/h to 20 km/h DATE IMPLEMENTED: September 2020 SCHEME INCLUDED:
COST: Not available ADDITIONAL INFORMATION:
RESULTS OF EVALUATION: Not available |
19/12/2022 | View | |
Safer Speeds Case Study - City of Charles Sturt, South Australia City of Charles Sturt STREET NAME: Multiple SUBURB: Multiple MUNICIPALITY: City of Chalres Sturt, Adelaide STATE & COUNTRY: South Australia, Australia SPEED REDUCTION: From 40 km/h to 30 km/h DATE IMPLEMENTED: 2012 SCHEME INCLUDED:
COST: $5,000-$10,000 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION:
LESSONS LEARNED:
RESULTS OF EVALUATION: Not available |
19/12/2022 | View | |
Safer Speeds Case Study - City of Vincent, Perth City of Vincent STREET NAME: Local residential streets in the areas bounded by Newcastle, Vincent and Charles Streets and the Swan River (does not include main distributor roads) SUBURB: Southern suburbs of City of Vincent (Highgate, Mount Lawley) MUNICIPALITY: City of Vincent, Perth STATE & COUNTRY: Western Australia, Australia SPEED REDUCTION: From 50 km/h to 40 km/h DATE IMPLEMENTED: April 2019 SCHEME INCLUDED:
COST: Not available ADDITIONAL INFORMATION:
RESULTS OF EVALUATION: Not available |
19/12/2022 | View | |
Safer Speeds Case Study - Fremantle, Western Australia City of Fremantle STREET NAME: Multiple (40 km/h zone) and South Terrace (30 km/h) SUBURB: Fremantle MUNICIPALITY: City of Fremantle STATE & COUNTRY: Western Australia, Australia SPEED REDUCTION: From 50 km/h to 40 km/h (zone) and 30 km/h (South Terrace) DATE IMPLEMENTED: July 2021 SCHEME INCLUDED:
COST: Not available ADDITIONAL INFORMATION: No formal evaluation or after studies to measure impact, however a lot of community support for lower speeds, particularly along South Terrace. LESSONS LEARNED: Used to test Main Roads WA new speed limit policy. RESULTS OF EVALUATION: Not available |
19/12/2022 | View | |
Safer Speeds Case Study - Bayswater, Western Australia STREET NAME: Railway Parade and Whatley Crescent SUBURB: Bayswater MUNICIPALITY: City of Bayswater, Perth STATE & COUNTRY: Western Australia, Australia SPEED REDUCTION: From 50 km/h to 30 km/h DATE IMPLEMENTED: January 2020 (trial start October 2018) SCHEME INCLUDED:
COST: Not available ADDITIONAL INFORMATION: Temporary reduction while increased number of bike riders on road due to modifications to adjacent railway line and Principal Shared Path RESULTS OF EVALUATION: Not available |
19/12/2022 | ||
Safer Speeds Case Study - Manly & Liverpool, NSW Transport for NSW STREET NAME: Multiple SUBURB: Manly and Liverpool MUNICIPALITY: Northern Beaches Council and Liverpool City Council STATE & COUNTRY: New South Wales, Australia SPEED REDUCTION: From 40 km/h to 30 km/h DATE IMPLEMENTED: July 2020 SCHEME INCLUDED:
COST: Not available RESULTS OF EVALUATION: Not available |
19/12/2022 | View | |
Safer Speeds Case Study - Sydney CBD Transport for NSW STREET NAME: Multiple SUBURB: Sydney MUNICIPALITY: City of Sydney STATE & COUNTRY: New South Wales, Australia SPEED REDUCTION: From 50 km/h to 40 km/h DATE IMPLEMENTED: 2016, August 2019 SCHEME INCLUDED:
COST: Not available ADDITIONAL INFORMATION:
RESULTS OF EVALUATION: Not available |
19/12/2022 | View | |
Safer Speeds Case Study - Brisbane Brisbane City Council STREET NAME: 1. Ann Street (between Creek Street and the Riverside Expressway); 2. Village precint:
3. Station Road, Indooroopilly 4. Flinders Parade, Sandgate 5. Kelvin Grove Urban Village SUBURB: Brisbane MUNICIPALITY: Brisbane City Council STATE & COUNTRY: Queensland, Australia SPEED REDUCTION: 1 & 2. From 60 km/h to 40 km/h 3-5. From 50 km/h to 40 km/h DATE IMPLEMENTED: 1. November 2018 2. May 2019 3 & 4. September 2019 5. Febraury 2020 SCHEME INCLUDED:
COST: Not available ADDITIONAL INFORMATION: LESSONS LEARNED: RESULTS OF EVALUATION: Not available |
19/12/2022 | View | |
Safer Speeds Case Study - Safe Active Streets, Perth, Western Australia Department of Transport, WA STREET NAME: Multiple SUBURB: Multiple MUNICIPALITY: Multiple STATE & COUNTRY: Western Australia, Australia SPEED REDUCTION: From 50 km/h to 30 km/h DATE IMPLEMENTED: September 2017 - ongoing SCHEME INCLUDED:
COST: Not available ADDITIONAL INFORMATION: Evaluation currently being undertaken and is due to be released in 2023. LESSONS LEARNED: Scheme is ongoing, with more locations continually being added. Lessons from previous implementations are being introduced for each one. RESULTS OF EVALUATION: Not yet available (due 2023) |
19/12/2022 | View | |
Safer Speeds Case Study - Warnambool, Victoria STREET NAME: Liebig Street between Raglan Parade and Merri Street SUBURB: Warnambool MUNICIPALITY: City of Warrnambool STATE & COUNTRY: Victoria, Australia SPEED REDUCTION: From 40 km/h to 30 km/h DATE IMPLEMENTED: December 2019 SCHEME INCLUDED:
COST: Not available ADDITIONAL INFORMATION: The projects’ infrastructure has successfully created a welcoming pedestrian priority experience in the City Centre. From the data: Reduction in speed to under 30km/hr:
Liebig Street Crashes (2011-2015): Pedestrian - 4 (2 aged 70+), Car - 2, Bicycle - 1 Liebig Street Crashes (2016-2020) (*note construction was 2018/19 and COVID): Car - 2 Safe Systems Road Safety Rating Improvement: Liebig/Koriot- 114 to 87 and Liebig/Lava- 113.5 to 82 WHY?
LESSONS LEARNED: The scheme included signage only. With additional infrastructure calming measures such as curb extensions, speed bumps, intersection platforms, further speed reduction improvements would be expected. The choice control region for this study was not seen as ideal. |
06/10/2022 | ||
Safer Speeds Case Study - Fitzroy & Collingwood, Victoria STREET NAME: Treatment area located between Alexandra Parade (north), Hoddle Street (east), Johnston Street (south) and Nicholson Street (west) SUBURB: Fitzroy and Collingwood MUNICIPALITY: City of Yarra, Melbourne STATE & COUNTRY: Victoria, Australia SPEED REDUCTION: From 40 km/h to 30 km/h DATE IMPLEMENTED: January 2020 (trial start October 2018) SCHEME INCLUDED:
COST: Not available ADDITIONAL INFORMATION:
Observations of pedestrian and cyclist activity were undertaken at a limited number of locations within the treatment and non-treatment areas during three days before the trial implementation and three days at 12 months into the trial. The small number of locations and survey days limits the ability for general conclusions. The data shows a 12.7% drop in pedestrian activity (largely driven by a single site) and a 27.8% increase in cycling activity. LESSONS LEARNED: For some members of the community there was confusion about how the pedestrian priority at the crossings worked, how to determine when to enter and how to exit the roundabout. There are feelings of frustration caused by inconvenience to the driving experience which are perceived to be caused by the Wombat Crossings. Intercept surveys at the Wombat Crossings found people using them thought they created a more convenient walking experience however there was still concern about understanding how the crossings worked and the expectations of people walking and people driving. Information about the benefits of the crossings and the expectations of all road users would assist the community to understand the role they play in creating a pedestrian priority city centre. |
06/10/2022 | ||
Safer Speeds Case Studies - Gold Coast, Queensland City of Gold Coast LOCATION: Cavill Avenue/Orchid Avenue, Surfers Paradise SPEED REDUCTION: Various – some 50 km/h to 40km/h, 50km/h to 30km/h and 40km/h to 30km/h MUNICIPALITY: City of Gold Coast STATE & COUNTRY: Queensland, Australia SCHEME INCLUDED:
DATE IMPLEMENTED: Various COST: Noted as low-cost initiative in the Gold Coast Road Safety Plan 2021-2026 ADDITIONAL INFO: General support and now going back to some 50km/h to 40km/h zones and undertaking further reviews to reduce to 30km/h LESSONS LEARNED:
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19/07/2022 | View | |
Bike It Baw Baw: Cyclist Safety Issues in the Baw Baw Shire Monash University Accident Research Centre The aim of the study was to identify the issues in Baw Baw Shire in Gippsland, Victoria, related to the safety of on-road cyclists. Safety concerns specific to the Baw Baw Shire are identified and potential countermeasures that may improve cyclist safety are discussed. |
12/04/2022 | View | |
Cyclists and red lights – a study of the behaviour of commuter cyclist in Melbourne The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine The primary aim of this research was to investigate the behaviours of cyclists and their interactions with vehicles at signalised intersections.The results focus on the three types of behaviour at red lights. Males were more likely to continue through the red light than females and the majority of males who rode through red lights were runners. The findings are important as they differentiate between the types of red light running behaviour and highlight factors influencing cyclists risk exposure. |
12/04/2022 | View | |
Cyclist bunch riding: a review of the literature Monash University Accident Research Centre This report is a review of the literature on cyclists who ride in large groups or bunches on public roads. The research was conducted following the Victorian State Coroner’s investigation into the death of an elderly pedestrian, following a collision with a cyclist who was riding in a bunch. The aims of the review were to understand the behaviour of bunch riders, particularly the behaviours that may contribute to increased risk of collision and to make recommendations for effective enforcement and countermeasure strategies for this road user group. |
12/04/2022 | View | |
Naturalistic cycling study: identifying risk factors for on-road commuter cyclists Amy Gillett Foundation This study identified risk factors for collisions/near-collisions involving on-road commuter cyclists and drivers. A naturalistic cycling study was conducted in Melbourne, Australia, with cyclists wearing helmet-mounted video cameras. Video recordings captured cyclists’ perspective of the road and traffic behaviours including head checks, reactions and manoeuvres. |
12/04/2022 | View | |
Painting a designated space: cyclist and driver compliance at cycling infrastructure at intersections Amy Gillett Foundation This study evaluated cyclist and driver compliance at cycling infrastructure at signalised intersections to determine the effectiveness of the infrastructure in creating a designated space for cyclists. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted during peak travel times at six sites in Melbourne in March 2009. |
12/04/2022 | View | |
The application of a naturalistic driving method to investigate on-road cyclist behaviour Amy Gillett Foundation The aim of this research was to investigate the behaviour of on-road commuter cyclists and their interactions with other road users in urban areas using a helmet-mounted video camera. Cycling is increasing in popularity popular in Australia; however, cyclists are physically vulnerable road users. To date, there has been little research on behavioural risk factors associated with collisions between cyclists and drivers, and much has relied on post-event data. Absent from this approach is an understanding of what contributed to collisions and near-collisions, in particular the behaviour of cyclists and drivers. |
12/04/2022 | View | |
Bicycle helmet use, an excerpt from – Cyclist safety: an investigation of how cyclists and drivers interact on the roads Amy Gillett Foundation The use of bicycle helmets by cyclists is widely supported amongst the injury prevention and health promotion communities. |
12/04/2022 | View | |
Cyclist safety: an investigation of how cyclists and drivers interact on the roads Monash University Cyclists are vulnerable road users and the most severe injury outcomes for on-road cyclists are from collisions involving a motor vehicle. Research undertaken in this thesis aimed to identify contributing factors in unsafe cyclist-driver events to inform efforts to reduce the incidence of cyclist-driver crashes and cyclist injury severity outcomes. |
12/04/2022 | View | |
Riding through red lights: The rate, characteristics and risk factors of non-compliant urban commuter cyclists Accident Analysis & Prevention This study determined the rate and associated factors of red light infringement among urban commuter cyclists. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted using a covert video camera to record cyclists at 10 sites across metropolitan Melbourne, Australia from October 2008 to April 2009. |
12/04/2022 | View | |
Making bike safety research count Amy Gillett Foundation Given the lack of participation data and the underreporting of cyclist injury crashes, it is difficult to determine the magnitude of cyclist road trauma with any precision. This lack of data highlights the neglect in Australia of cyclist-focused monitoring that is essential to understanding injury rates and factors that contribute to cyclist crashes. The Amy Gillett Foundation (AGF) has developed a systematic policy development approach that identifies two issues: safe overtaking distances and cyclist-open vehicle door crashes, explored in this paper. |
12/04/2022 | View | |
MACCS Monash Alfred cyclist crash study Monash University Accident Research Centre Current primary data sources on mechanisms of Victorian bicycle crashes lack sufficient detail to draw clear conclusions on crash causation. Nor are these data adequate to link specific crash mechanisms to characteristic injury outcomes. The Monash Alfred Cycle Crash Study (MACCS) aimed to redress these data deficiencies through piloting an in-depth crash investigation study focused on cyclists. In-depth data were collected from 158 patients presenting to The Alfred and Sandringham Hospital Emergency Departments who were riders of bicycles involved in a crash. Information collected covered pre-crash factors pertaining to environment and cyclist/driver behaviour, crash mechanism, and injury outcomes from hospital records. Analyses of these data provide insight on crash causation and associated injury burdens which can inform the development, prioritisation and targeting of effective countermeasures. |
12/04/2022 | View | |
Why do cyclists infringe at red lights? An investigation of Australian cyclists’ reasons for red light infringement Accident Analysis & Prevention This study investigated the behavioural, attitudinal and traffic factors contributing to red light infringement by Australian cyclists using a national online survey. The survey was conducted from February to May 2010. In total, 2061 cyclists completed the survey and 37.3% reported that they had ridden through a signalised intersection during the red light phase. The main predictive characteristics for infringement were: gender with males more likely to offend than females (OR: 1.54, CI: 1.22–1.94); age with older cyclists less likely to infringe compared to younger cyclists 18–29 years (30–49 yrs: OR: 0.71, CI: 0.52–0.96; 50+ yrs: OR: 0.51, CI: 0.35–0.74), and; crash involvement with cyclists more likely to infringe at red lights if they had not previously been involved in a bicycle–vehicle crash while riding (OR: 1.35; CI: 1.10–1.65). The main reasons given for red light infringement were: to turn left (32.0%); because the inductive loop detector did not detect their bike (24.2%); when there was no other road users present (16.6%); at a pedestrian crossing (10.7%); and ‘Other’ (16.5%). A multinomial logistic regression model was constructed to examine the associations between cyclist characteristics and reasons for infringement. Findings suggest that some cyclists are motivated to infringe by their perception that their behaviour is safe and that infrastructure factors were associated with infringement. Ways to manage this, potentially risky, behaviour including behaviour programmes, more cyclist-inclusive infrastructure and enforcement are discussed. |
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Road crashes involving bike riders in Victoria, 2002–2012 Amy Gillett Foundation This study is a multi-year analysis of bicycle rider crash statistics undertaken using Victorian CrashStats. It clearly shows that there are distinct differences in the crash profiles of fatal bike rider crashes compared to non-fatal crashes. |
12/04/2022 | View | |
Cycling Futures University of Adelaide Press The growing interest in cycling in Australia and New Zealand, as in other parts of the world, is underpinned by three major concerns: health and fitness, congestion and liveability, pollution and climate change. Australasian researchers, practitioners, policy makers and community members are engaged in a global discussion on the role of cycling in addressing these concerns. Contributors to (this) book report on and extend this discussion as they explore the insights generated locally and internationally on the past, present and future of cycling. The focus of the first half of the book is largely on the current engagement with cycling, challenges faced by existing and would-be cyclists and the issues cycling might address. The second half of the book is concerned with strategies and processes of change. Contributors working from different ontological positions reflect on changing socio-spatial relations to enable the broadest possible participation in cycling. |
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Cycle Aware University of Adelaide, Monash University and Queensland University of Technology Cycle Aware is an Australia wide research project looking at how drivers learn to interact with cyclists. It focuses on the education and training received by people in the early stages of driving such as pre-learner, learner and probationary drivers. The ultimate aim of the project is to foster safer driver-cyclist interactions. |
07/04/2022 | View | |
Research report 452 Predicting walkability Waka Kotahi NZ Transport Agency This research provides a number of mathematical formulas for predicting the quality of the walking environment from the perspective of the user using operational and physical variables. The formulas were derived by combining the perception data gathered from participants in the community street reviews with measurements of the walking environment. The two main areas that were researched to enable the derivation of formulas were:
This research describes the process for obtaining the data and deriving the formulas, and recommends the formulas most suitable for practitioner use. |
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Research report 440 Reducing pedestrian delay at traffic signals Waka Kotahi NZ Transport Agency Since 2000, the benefits of walking as a mode of travel have been recognised by the New Zealand government in a raft of policy statements and strategies. However, the Ministry of Transport acknowledges that there are a number of issues to overcome to encourage more walking. This research focuses on one of the key issues: namely, the delay experienced by pedestrians at traffic signals. Historically, New Zealand's approach to pedestrian delay has been minimal, with pedestrian issues considered primarily from the point of view of safety, rather than level of service or amenity. At traffic signals, pedestrians are often accommodated in a way that causes the least amount of interruption to motorised traffic, and signal cycle times can be long, leading to excessive pedestrian waiting times. This can lead to frustration, causing pedestrians to violate the signals and use their own judgement to cross, resulting in safety risks. This research, which was carried out between 2007 and 2010 in Auckland, Wellington and Christchurch, used techniques such as pedestrian attitude surveys, micro-simulation modelling and a literature review of international best practice to identify methods of reducing pedestrian delay at signalised intersections in these cities. The recommendations developed during the course of the research provide both technical and policy mechanisms for improving pedestrian delay in New Zealand's central-city areas. |
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Research Report 439 Generation of walking, cycling and public transport trips: pilot study Waka Kotahi NZ Transport Agency This research investigated a method for collecting data relating to walk, cycle and public transport trips to land-use activities. A method needed to be developed that would require a short questionnaire to ensure higher sample rates, while also providing reliable and consistent results. This data could subsequently be used in calculating trip rates for walk, cycle and public transport trips, when combined with trip rate units such as floor area. Multi-modal trip data has been collected for some time in the UK. The survey method developed in this research was simpler than the UK method by interviewing in only one direction for the vast majority of land uses, apart from residential where the recommended method was to interview in both directions. A face-to-face questionnaire method was developed over a series of different site surveys in Auckland, Wellington and Christchurch during 2010. The research also identified that collecting non-car mode trip information through purely observer methods was not sufficiently accurate and that simple questionnaire surveys were necessary with clear instructions from the survey organiser to ensure all relevant information would be collected. |
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Research Report 431 The mechanisms and types of non-motor vehicle injuries to pedestrians in the transport system and indicated infrastructure implications Waka Kotahi NZ Transport Agency Research carried out in 2008-2010 examined the quantum and causes of non-motor vehicle injuries to pedestrians through a structured interview survey. Pedestrians sustaining injuries in locations away from the road network (eg in parks) were excluded, as the emphasis was on the role of road and footpath features. The highest proportion of trips and falls (34%) was sustained while stepping over a kerb. A further 18% were caused by irregularities in the path or road surface. Factors that amplified the severity of injuries included the road or path surface, pedestrians' inattention, type of footwear worn, and whether walking or running. Two main issues were identified from the study. These were:
The study recommends improving the definition of kerbing in key pedestrian areas and improving the maintenance regime of footpaths and roads used by pedestrians, eg crossings. The study also found that it is necessary to instigate research to provide improved data and analysis tools to prioritise such countermeasures vis-a-vis other uses of road safety funds and improved data for input into such analysis tools. Further, a national guide is needed for pedestrian road safety audits and inspections covering both motor vehicle and non-motor vehicle risk. |
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Research report 428 Trialling pedestrian countdown timers at traffic signals Waka Kotahi NZ Transport Agency The overall research objective was to evaluate changes in pedestrian safety and traffic efficiency from installing pedestrian countdown timers. The study analysed pedestrian behaviour and safety before and after the installation of a trial countdown timer at the intersection of Queens Street, Bunny Street and Margaret Street in Lower Hutt in July 2007. The results were compared with the 2006/07 trial at the Queen Street/Victoria Street intersection in Auckland CBD and showed very different results. The Auckland city trial indicated that, if placed in suitable locations, pedestrian countdown signals were associated with pedestrian behaviour change that enhanced safety. This study in Lower Hutt demonstrated that the observed pedestrian safety decreased as the percentage of both late starters and late finishers increased, although this was likely to be due to the nature of the intersection with one particularly long diagonal crossing coupled with the allocated phase times. In contrast, perceived pedestrian safety increased with the installation of the countdown timers. |
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Research Report 359 Valuing the health benefits of active modes Waka Kotahi NZ Transport Agency This report seeks to provide a per-kilometre value for the health benefits of active transport modes (such as walking and cycling) that is compatible with the Land Transport New Zealand Economic Evaluation Manual Volume 2 (EEM2). The first two sections of the report begin by explaining the scope of the project and the background. Section 3 investigates the evidence of the connection between physical activity and health outcomes. Section 4 clarifies the role of active transport modes as physical activity, and reports the New Zealand-specific data about active transport mode engagement. Section 5 gives a brief comparative summary of the literature review of cost-benefit analyses and valuation techniques used overseas to value the health benefits of active modes. This report uses population attributable fractions (PAF) to estimate the annual burden of mortality and morbidity costs per inactive adult. Annual estimates of the costs of inactivity are applied to the New Zealand adult population using a weighted sum to establish a per-kilometre value for each mode. The valuation presented in this report is limited by a poverty of data, but the final values are considered to be a reasonable estimate of the health benefits of active modes. While further research is recommended to obtain more precise estimates of the costs of inactivity in New Zealand, it is considered that the values presented in this report are a sound interim estimate for inclusion in the EEM2. |
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Research Report 329 Impediments to walking as a mode choice Waka Kotahi NZ Transport Agency Conducted in 2005, this study evaluates a case-control design of contrasts between walkers and drivers to address factors influencing the uptake of walking as a mode choice. With samples drawn from Auckland and Wellington, New Zealand, this research uses a 62-item survey to examine a number of factors: fear of crime; trip-chaining/car dependency; weather; distance/time; social pressure, fatigue and fitness, parking charges, enjoyment of walking, inconvenience, and geography. To avoid factors such as car dependency or the inability to walk, participants are selected because they live a short distance from public transport parking facilities. The group of drivers demonstrate an irregular break in car dependency by driving their cars to the station in order to use public transport. The results indicate that for parking facilities, convenience creates demand. Poor weather has an influence on the decision to drive, and fine weather improves the likelihood of walking. Previous studies claim decisions to walk are impeded by certain factors. While location effects are observed between the groups, these results suggest that such factors are in fact inconsequential. |
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Research Report 294 Increasing cycling and walking: an analysis of readiness to change Waka Kotahi NZ Transport Agency In 2003, Sport and Recreation New Zealand (SPARC) and the Cancer Society of New Zealand commissioned a major social marketing survey to segment adult New Zealanders in terms of physical activity and healthy eating habits. The questionnaire included several transport-related questions. The resulting ‘Obstacles to Action’ database contains responses from over 8000 people aged 16 or over. |
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Research Report 660: Factors affecting cycling levels of service Waka Kotahi NZ Transport Agency This report examines cyclists’ perceptions of cycle infrastructure levels of service and proposes an assessment methodology for evaluating the level of service provided by cycling facilities. |
03/09/2021 | View |